Phishing—Phishing is common over email and phone, as it tries to convince the recipient to download attachments or click links that are encoded with viruses or malware. The attacker may also try to convince the recipient to divulge important information such as passwords and credit card numbers. 

Distributed denial of service (DDoS)—This malicious tactic involves taking down a website or server by sending constant data requests. Too many requests too soon can cause systems to be overwhelmed and crash. 

Ransomware—This software holds information for ransom by denying access. This is possibly the most common cyberattack. 

Man-in-the-middle (MITM)—This attack prevents the victim from accessing a server. The attacker can accomplish this in a few ways, including something called “IP spoofing,” which tricks a server system into recognizing its IP address as trusted. The attacker may also hijack a session as soon as the victim connects to the server before disconnecting the victim.